Three Caltraps abreast Heraldry of some Yorkshire Families


The arms shown below are constructed from the blazons and descriptions provided by various authors1
The Arms of families include, Armitage, Barnby, Beaumont, Bosvile, Collingwood, Crossland, De Busli
De Laci, De Luvetot, Dronsfield, Eland, Everingham, FitzAlan, FitzSwein, FitzWilliam, Foliot, Frobisher, Furnival, Gledhill, Le Scrope, Lisours, Lockwood, Midgley, Montague, Muschamp, Nevil[le], Pilkington, Roddam, Rushworth/ Rishworth, Savile, Scargill, Spencer, Stanhope, Stansfield, Swillington, Tankersley, Thornhill, Wadsley, Waleys, Washington, Waterton, Warrene, Wentworth, Wortley.

Note: Armorial bearings do NOT belong to all persons of a given surname and may rightfully be borne ONLY by the descendants of the individual to whom they were first granted or allowed [the Armiger], according to the Laws of Arms of England. 
Note that in some cases the original Norman-French names may have been anglicised by adopting the place of residence as the surname [ e.g. Wyan Marmions took the name de Stansfield]. 
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Arms of Adam Fitz Swein Adam FitzSwein of Cawthorne
Arms [blazon]: Or a lion rampant Sable1
Adam was the son of Swein FitzAilric, Lord of Cawthorne, who in turn was the son of Ailric FitzRichard [d. after 1066]. These arms appear to have been applied by Swein's descendants, for the art of heraldry did not begin to formalise until the reign of Henry I Beauclerc.
 
 
 

De Busli* [Buslei/Busley] of Tickhill
An early De Busli coat of arms. i] An early coat was Argent two bars Sable, this was in use during trhe time that the De Buslis were at Tickhill.13 
At the time of the Domesday survey, Roger De Busli held the manor of Hallam from Judith De Lens. Judith was the wife of the executed earl Waltheof and the neice of William I of England. De Busli held 46 manors in Yorkshire 86 in Nottinghamshire [170 acc. to Thoroton] and many in Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Devonshire. .De Busli only appears significantly in D.B. for his family name expired with his brother Ernaldus's gt-gt-grand-daughter, Idonea, who took the estates to her husband, Robert De Veteri-Ponte [Vipont] upon marriage. Other lands passed through Roger De Busli's sister, Beatrix who married William Hastings Count of Eu, Lord Hastings, which line eventually expired upon marriage to Raoul De Lusignan. 
* This is the style used in D.B. [Bvsli]

ii] The coat of arrms: Gules, one bezant12 is apparently a later one which has only been known to appear on a Clifford monument in Skipton church.13
Arms of De Busli of Tickhill.
 
 
 
 
 
 

Arms of De Luvetot De Luvetot of Sheffield Manor and Hallamshire11
Arms: Argent, a lion rampant parti per fess gules and sable [Sheffield Parish Church, from Dodsworth's ms.] Note: 
Variants in tinctures are: 
1. Or a lion rampant parti per fess Gules and Sable [Luvetot House of Worksop]
2. Argent a lion rampant parti per fess gules and sable.
3. Parti per fess Or an Gules a lion rampant parti per fess Sable and Argent. [Ecclesfield Church]
4. Or a lion rampant parti per fess Sable and Gules [Given in time of Edward III]
 
 
  Foliot Arms
 Foliot
Of Norton SouthYorkshire. Granted during Henry III's regn. [Roll of arms temp. Henry III]
Blazon : Gules a bend Arg. "de goulz ung bend d'argent"




Ancient arms of Foliot

ancient Foliot arms

These arms are similar to De Laci of Pontefract who were the Foliots overlords. This usage of the overlord's arms with tincture or charge variation is not unusual [see Furnival, Wadsley and Wortley below].

Blazon: Argent a lion rampant purpure.




FurnivalArms of Furnival
Arms: Argent, a bend between six martlets gules.
"Martlets borne in arms signify that the bearer aquired nobility by his bravery and prowess or by his intelligence, and that he had little wealth or means of subsistence at first but lived on his aquisitions... for the martlet is painted without feet like something that is without foundation. And those who bear these birds dwell in courts of lords or Kings, and they live on the bounty of their lords. Yet they are noble. It is not by wealth and riches alone that nobility is aquired, but by deeds of prowess and other good habits".- The Lyyfr Dysgread Arfau  1300's 15
Crest: A horses helmet argent with a plume of three feathers Or. [Jos. Hunter's Hallamshire]11
                 .The Furnival horses helmet from  Hunter's Hallamshire.
 
 
 
 

Wadsley of Wadsley and Worral, near Sheffield. From the time of Henry II to Henry VII when they were absorbed into the Everinghams of Stainborough. We can see how the arms are similar to the Furnivals under whose banner they fought, the charges on the bend are reminiscent of the Tankersley family of Tankersley. The Wadsleys' held the area of Loxley Chase and Loxley Common between Wadsley and Worral before this time.12
Arms : Argent on a bend Gules three escallops of the first between six martlets of the second [12, p.36].
Arms of Wadsley
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Wortley of Wortley [West of Tankersley]. We can see from this that the Wortleys appear to have not only had Arms of Wortley of Wortley a a feudal relationship with the Furnivals but also the De Busli family of Tickhill.
Arms: Argent on a bend Gules three bezants between six martlets of the second.12
 
 
 
 
 
 

Everingham of Stainborough 
Arms of Everingham Arms: Gules a lion rampant Vair
Stainborough Castle came within the Honour of Pontefract held by the De Laci family. Later a branch of the Everinghams of Laxton, Notts. appear to have occupied a hall to the east which now lies beneath 'Wentworth Castle'. Stainborough was probably first occupied by the Everingham family in the early 1200's or earlier. Sir Adam of Everingham and Stainborough sided first with Henry III but later took up arms with other barons under Simon De Montfort against Henry in the ill-fated Battle of Evesham. Adam was also a Keeper of Sherwood. In the 1300's the Everingham line married into the Watertons. The Everinghams also held land at Lepton near Huddersfield and would therefore be likely to have known William De Bellomonte and his son Richard who also held land there, Roger 'Helle' De Laci and Roger Montbegon, Lord of Hornsby, overlord and mesne lord respectively18
+ Vair was possibly a symbolic representation of  the fur of the Russian squirrel, it varied in the appearance.of its coat.
 

Waterton : originally from Waterton, Lincolnshire. In 1408 a branch in John Waterton held the manor of Methley. Thomas Waterton of Walton Hall near Wakefield held Cawthorne Manor in I Elizabeth I1. Crescents may represent what were originally metal bosses which were hammered to the shield to provide further protection against weapons.11

Arms: Gules, three bars ermine, over all three crescents sable1Arms of Waterton
Note:  ermine tails could be reduced in number and enlarged.
An unproven claimant to the Lordship of Everingham of Laxton [Nottinghamshire], David Alexander Richard Waterton-Anderson, states that the Waterton's on the distaff had a shield of six equal horizontal divisions, starting at the top with ermine then gules repeated. Three crescents sable are placed over this field in a manner which one would expect to find with three crescents displayed on a single colour shield [Barry of six ermine gules three crescents sable].
In the 9th year of Henry VI [1441] Robert Waterton, miles.of Methley Hall was a sheriff for Yorkshire He acted as the guardian for Richard Duke of York, the disputed father of Edward IV. Richard was raised at Pontefract Castle and Methley Hall.16[p65] See external links:

 Wars of the Roses
 
  Nevil, Nevill, Nevile, Neville. 

Nevile of Hornby [Lancashire]

Geoffrey De Nevil of Raby [Durham], Brierley [South Yorkshire].

A senior branch10[p66] descending from Galfrid [Geoffrey] De Nevile Sheriff of Yorkshire and Northumberland d. 1242. He was governor of Scarbrough Castle, Sheriff of Yorkshire and Northumberland & Chief Justice of the King's Forest beyond Kent d.1285. He married Lady Margaret De Longvilliers of Hutton Longvilliers [Hutton Magna], Durham in 1268.
Blazon : Gules a saltire Argent 10[p66]


Nevile of Hornby [Lancs]
Nevile senior branch


A cadet branch10[p66], Robert De Nevil sheriff of Yorkshire and Northumberland d~1276  a younger brother of Geoffrey.
Blazon : Argent a saltire Gules10[p66]




Arms of Nevil, Chevet Hall. Nevil[le] of Chevet Hall
Sir Thomas Nevil Kt.
Blazon: Gules a saltire argent charged with a martlet sable [impaling Furnival]
Arms found on a monument to Lady Joan Nevil [nee Furnival] at Barlborough Church. She married Sir Thomas De Nevile [d.1406] Lord of Sheffield and Hallamshire.

John Nevil was sheriff of Yorkshire 1518, 1523 1527. He resided at Chevet Hall near Crigglestone. John was implicated in the Rising of the North in 1541against Henry VIII because he did not notify his superiors of the impending rebellion. His daughter Mary Nevile married Sir Gervase Clifton, Sheriff of Nottingham who held the Wakefield Manor.
 
 
 

As a comparison we have Nevile of Hallingbury Essex, the cadet line descending from Geoffrey De Nevile of Walcot which gave rise to the De Nevile line of Foresters of England.
Blazon : Azure a lion rampant Or crined and langued Gules.






  Lisours [Lizours] of Sprotborough
Arms : Per fess Azure and Or
Robert De Lisours, son of Fulk De Lisours, was the Lord of Sprotbrough near Doncaster in the first half of the  1100's. He married Albreda [Aubrey] De Laci of Pontefract in 1113, this ultimately led to her grandson, John  De Lisours who assumed the name De Laci from his grandmother, which in turn led to the line of De Laci. Albreda  married secondly Sir William FitzWilliam Lord of Elmley near Wakefield who gained Sprotborough through Albreda, this led to the line of FitzWilliams of Sprotbrough and Emley and eventually into the Wentworth line.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Arms of Wentworth Wentworth of Woolley.
Arms: Sable, a chevron between three leopards' faces or1.
From the 1612 Visitation by The College of Arms the Wentworth Arms were recognised on 5th August 1665 at Barnsley.
 
 
 
 
 

Beaumont of Whitley Beaumont:
Arms: Gules, a lion rampant arg., langued and armed azure, Arms of Beaumont
           within an orle of nine crescents of the second1.
Crest: A bull's head erased, quarterly argent and gules.
Motto: Fide sed cui vide: "Trust, but mind [see] whom you trust”. 

It was not uncommon for tenants to adopt some aspect of their overlords armorial bearings, thus if we compare the De Laci pupure lion rampant we see the same lion but in argent on the Beaumont arms, the lion rampant originated with the major land owner, Adam FitzSwein. The orle of crescents suggests a success in battle against the Saracens.17
The crescent indicates that the holder has been honoured by the regent. Thus this coat of arms may have served nine sovereigns during its time. The Beaumonts or Bellomontes of West Yorkshire became tenants of the De Laci honour of Pontefract about 1190.  Edward Beaumont a present day descendant of Beaumont of Bretton Hall [Lord Allendale] says that this line is not descended from the Beaumonts or Bellomontes of Crosland and Whitley except by the marriage in 1723, of Frances Beaumont of Whitley to George Beaumont of Darton who was a descendant of a family from Thornhill. Edward also disputes the commonly held  link between William De Bellomonte of Whitley and the line of the earls of Leicester. As tenants of De Laci they are more likely to be related to De Beaumont of  Devonshire, who like the De Lacis of Lassy, Calvados, and their overlords the earls of Chester, originated from Normandy.

 
 

Arms of Spencer Spencer of Horsforth
Arms: Azure, a fesse ermine wavy between six sea-mews* heads erased ar.
Crest: A rock ppr thereon a sea-mew also ppr1.
Motto : "Dieu defend le droit"  ("God defends the right.")
The Spencers were from Horsforth near Leeds and married into the Stanhopes of Cannon -Hall, Cawthorne. The Spencer Arms were recognised 4th August 1665 at Doncaster.
 
 

Stanhope:of Stanhope [Northumberland] and Cawthorne.
Arms: Quarterly: ermine and gules1.Arms of Stanhope
Crest: A tower azure with demi-lion rampant issuing or,
ducally crowned gules, holding between his paws a grenade firing, ppr.
Motto: "A Deo et Rege"  ("From God and the King.")
Originally the Stanhopes came from Northumberland where many places bear the suffix "-hope" and in fact  where lies the village of Stanhope. Their lineage then descended from the Stanhopes of Rampton, Notts. and Elvaston, Derbs.diverging in the reign of Elizabeth I in John Stanhope of Horsforth, West Yorkshire. The Spencers married into the Stanhopes of Horsforth  to become the Spencer-Stanhopes of Cannon Hall, Cawthorne, South Yorkshire. From the Horsforth line desceded the wife of Armstrong-Jones, Serena Stanhope.
Note: ermine tails could be reduced in number and enlarged.
 

Arms of Collingwood Collingwood
Arms: Arg. a chevron sable between 3 stags' heads erased of the second1.
Crest: A stag at gaze, in a holly bush, proper.
Motto: "Nil conscire sibi" [To have a conscience free from guilt] Note: this is the same motto as for Savile.
 
 
 

Roddam: of Alnwick [Northumberland] and Cawthorne. 
Arms: Gules on  a bend arg. three cinque foils sable1Arms of Roddam
Crest: A stump of an oak tree couped, sprouting out leaves; ppr.
Motto: "Nec deficit alter." [Nor did the other fail]
Rodham a variant of Roddam is the family name of Hilary Clinton wife of the former U.S. president and originates from Roddam Hall, near Alnwick, Northumberland. [William Roddam 1296]
The Roddams' married into the Stanhope line of  which Serina Stanhope is a member. Serina [b. 1970]  married  David Viscount Linley [b. 1961] son of  the late Princess Margaret and Anthony Armstrong-Jones. Note : Bend could be widened and charges enlarged..
See Spencer-Stanhopes of Cawthorne.
 
 

Warrene Arms Warrene Of Reigate [Surrey], Sandal [Wakefield Manor] and Conisbrough.
Arms:  Chequy or and arg.
 
 

Warren of LincolnshireWarren Arms of Lincolnshire
Arms: Gules a lion rampant argent a chief chequy or and azure
William Heydon of Heydon, Norfolk  married Jane, daughter of John Warren of Lincolnshire whose arms "checky or and azure, on a canton gules, a lion rampant argent" were quartered by the Heydons. These arms show that John Warren was a descendant of the last earl Warren and Surrey,who held land in Norfolk, by his mistress Maud de Neirford4.
 

Dronsfield Arms Dronsfield of West Bretton.
Arms: Sable and Arg. paly with a bend Gules three mullet Or.
See Dronsfield of West Bretton
 
 
 
 
 
 

Armitage [Armytage] of Hartshead-cum-Clifton and Kirklees from the 1500's.Armitage Arms
Arms: Gules, a lion head erased argent, and langued az. between three crosslets of the second.
Source for blazon  Heraldry - Designs of Wonder.
See Armitage of Kirklees
 
 
 
 
 

Stansfeld Arms Stansfeld [Stansfield]:
Sable three goats trippant argent.
Motto: "Noscete ipsum" [know thyself]
Found in: Stansfield Hall, Todmorden, Sowerby Church, Heptonstall church, Elland chapel and Stansfield chapel at Guiseley, the surname taken from the place-name by a son of William Marmion[s], who accompanied William The Conqueror to England.
 
 
 
 

Savile: Savile Arms
Arms: Argent  three owls of the first on a bend sable
Motto: Nil conscire sibi [To have a conscience free from guilt] Note: this is the same motto as for Collingwood. The notion that owls were wise was pursued by the Greeks, however, the medieval heraldic significance was not so. Here it signified that the bearer had not been involved with battle, particularly "The Crusades". In Spain owls are considered to bring bad luck if kept indoors. The Saviles were originally of Savile Hall, Dodworth, now Savile Hall Farm.
See Saviles of Thornhill
Sir George Savill, was granted the Tankersley arms as a quartering, at the Visitation of York.
 
 
 
 

Scargill Arms Scargill of Castle Barnard, Altoft and Darrington.
Arms: Ermine a saltire engrailed gules
Originated near Castle Barnard, then Scargill of Altofts Hall, near Normanton, and Darrington near Pontefract.
See Scargill Family History Pages
 
 
 
 

Eland of Eland  Park and Cromwell Bottom.
Arms : Gules two bars between nine martlets argent three, three and three.
Crest: On a chapeau, azure, turned up Or. a martlet gules7.
Martlets are often associated with involvement in the crusades10.Eland Arms
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Tankersley of Tankersley
Tankersley later Arms Arms : Argent, on a bend Gules, three escallops, or
These arms are similar to the De Wadsley arms and hence those of the De Furnivals. 
See Tankersley History
Note: The bend could be widenened and the charges enlarged.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Muschamp of Willoughby, Lincolnshire and Northumberland, also found in the West Riding.
Arms: Or three bars Gules.
The three bars gules are spread over the whole shield.13

Muschamp Arms of Willoughby Lincolnshire

Muschamp Arms of Wooler, Northumberland. Muschamp of Wooler Northumberland
Arms: Argent a chevron Vert 3 bees# Sable
 
 
 
 
 

Arms of Midgley Midgley of Midgley
Arms: Sable two bars gemell Or on a chief of the second three caltraps of the first. The earlier shield did not possess the caltraps.
Crest:7 i] An heraldic tyger, sejant, between paws a caltrap.
           ii] On a mount, an heraldic tyger, sejant, resting dexter on a caltrap.
          iii] [Midgeley] Two keys in saltier, azure, wards down.
See Arms of Midgley
 The similarity to the Thornhill arms shown below indicates that De Midgley [De Miggeley] was a sub tenant of De Thornhill.
 
 
 

Thornhill of Thornhill and Fixby
Arms: Gules two bars gemell and a chief Or.
Note the similarity to the Midgley arms, the difference being in one tincture and the caltraps. The village of Midgley, near Wakefield and Thornhill were adjacent  manors and the similarity of arms suggests a feudal connection  13 as predicted elsewhere not confirmed by genealogy. See Thornhill of Thornhill

Arms of Thornhill
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Montague/MontacuteMontague Arms Yorkshire
i] Arms: Quarterly first and fourth Argent three fusils conjoined in fess Gules within a bordure sable.13

ii] Another blazon for Monthermer of Yorkshire is : Quarterly second and third Or an eagle displayed Vert armed beaked and membered gules.13
See Spencer-Stanhopes & Montague
 
 
 
 

The Arms of Gledhill Gledhill
The coat of arms of the Gledhill family was first granted in 1612
Arms: Azure, three fusils in fesse argent.
Crest: A cock proper.
Motto: "Fortiter et Recte" [Bravely and Rightly]
 
 
 

Crossland of Crosland HillArms of Crossland
Arms:  Quarterly argent and gules, a cross botonny countercharged.
Source: Crosland Web Page
 
 
 
 
 

Arms of Lockwood Lockwood of Lockwood
Arms: Argent between three cinquefoils a chevron Sable
Source of blazon:Lockwood Web Page
 
 
 
 
 
 

Barnby/BarnebyArms of Barnby
of Barnby Hall, Cawthorne [found in Barnsley Church]
Arms : Or, a lion rampant Sable charged with four escallops, Argent1.
Note: The Lion should have its escallops charged on the body, this will be corrected in due course.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Arms of De Laci of Pontefract. De Laci [de Lacey]
of Pontefract
Arms: Or a lion rampant purpure.
See De Laci history
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

FrobisherArms of Frobisher of Altofts Hall, Altofts near Normanton.
Originally from Wales [hence the griffins's head], then Altofts Hall.
Ermine on a fess, engrailed azure between three griffins heads erased sable a greyhound courant argent.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

FitzAlan
Arms of FitzAlan 1 i.] Gules, a lion rampant or.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

ii] Barry of eight or and gules.Arms of FitzAlan 2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Arms of Le Scrope Le Scrope
Arms : Azure, a bend or.
See other Arms and portrait
The case Scrope v's Grosvenor [which lasted from1385 to1390] was a celebrated one in heraldry. The Arms were granted in favour of Scrope of Wensleydale by Richard II. John of Gaunt and Geoffrey Chaucer were among the witnesses.This court still exists as the Earl Marshal's Court11.
 
 
 
 
 
 

Bosvile/ Bosville/Boswell1Arms of Bosvile Gunthwaite & Ardsley.
of New Hall, Ardsley also known as New Hall, Darfield and also of Gunthwaite.
Arms: Argent, five fusils in fesse gules, in chief three bears' heads, sable.
Crest: An ox issuing from a bolt of trees, proper. 
Motto: "Intento in Deum animo
The following epigram was written on the family's name and crest in the time of Elizabeth I - “Dii tibi dent Bosvile, boves villasque Radulphi, nec villa careat bosve vel illa bove." 
 

Arms of Swillington Swillington
Of Swillington. 
Arms: Argent a chevron azure [Granted temporarily during the reign of Edward III] 
Blazon source: Swillington pages
 
 

Pilkington Pilkington arms
of Wigan, Lancs and Chevet Hall,Yorks.
Arms : Argent a cross patonce voided gules.13
[The cross fleury is only in outline]. This symbol is still used by Pilkington Glass.

Washington
De Washington Arms of Adwick-Le-Street. A branch of the De Wessington or Washington family of Co. Durham whose arms were Argent two bars and in chief three mullets gules. Sir John De Washington [d. 1331] founded Hallhead Hall at Adwick-Le-Street, Barnsdale.
Arms: Argent two bars and in chief three mullets gules a crescent for difference.The Sulgrave Manor branch [Northants.] of the Washingtons  produced emigrants to Virginia in 1657 who were the ancestors of George Washington, president of the U.S.A. It is believed that the family coat of arms assisted in the design of the 'stars and stripes'.



Le Waleys, Wallis, Walsh, Wales, Wallace.
Of Burghwallis, Barnsdale. Probably originated in Ayrshire. Found as arms to Sir Richard I Le Waleys [b. <1126] of 'Burg Waleis' and his son Sir Stephen I Le Waleys.Arms of Waleys Richard married Albreda FitzWilliam of Emley whose grandmother was Adela Plantagenet, daughter of Hamelyn Plantagenet.
Arms: Quarterly argent and gules a bend or.
see Waleys of Burgh Wallis





Rushworth [Rishworth]

Rushworth Rushworth [Rishworth]of Rushworth and Coley in the parish of Halifax and also Riddlesden. Henry Rushworth's daughter of Coley Hall, Margery, married John Savile whose sister was Margaret a prioress of Kirklees [1350 -c.1360]                                           See Barnsdale and the Geste
Arms : Argent a bend sable an eagle displayed vert and a cross crosslet of the second
Also argent a cross crosslet sable, also argent a cross bottony fiche sable19.




FitzWilliam
Of Emley and later Sprotborough. Chef stewards to the Lords of Conisbrough from the time of Sir William FitzWilliam [d>1218] who married  Ela De WarreneFitzWilliam [daughter of Hamelyn Plantagenet of Conisbrough]. Sir Thomas FitzWilliam  is identified as being a grandfather of Robert III Butler of Skelbrooke, a criminal of the late 1290's from Skelbrooke, near Barnsdale. See Robert Butler
Arms: Lozengy, argent and gules





Links:
Early Landed Gentry of West and South Yorkshire
Enhancing the Caltrap
How to make your own crest and shield



Blazons yet to be sourced or constructed :

FitzWilliam 
of Sprotbrough & Emley.

Exley [Ecksley]
of Exley

Quarmby 
of Quarmby.

Siddal
of Northowram



Any offers of Yorkshire blazons which can be constructed, gratefully accepted email Tim Midgley

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References:
1. History of Cawthorne
2. History of the Beaumonts of Whiteley
3. Heraldry - Designs of Wonder.
4. The Genealogy of the Saviles' of Derbyshire.
5. Crosland Web Page
6. Lockwood Web Page
7. Fairburn, James. Fairburn's Crests of the Families of Great Britain &
     Ireland., New Orchard Editions, 1986.
8. The Yorkshire Archaeological Society
    Sixteenth and seventeenth-century heraldic manuscripts by William Dugdale, 
    Norroy King of Arms and others, which once belonged to the Horsley family 
    York herald-painters, and many pedigrees and other items of interest to
    genealogists and local historians. 
9. Dugdale William, Visitation of Yorkshire 1665-66 [Held by the Yorkshire
    Archaeological Society, 23, Clarendon Road, Leeds, LS2 9NZ, Tel: 0113 
    2456362 Fax: 0113 244 1979, Email: yas@wyashq.demon.co.uk]
10. Woodcock Martin, Robinson John, The Oxford Guide to Heraldry, O.U.P., 1988.
11. Bedingfield Henry, Heraldry, Bison Group, 1993.
12. Hunter, Joseph. Hallamshire, London, 1819.
13. E-mail communication with David Alexander Richard Waterton-Anderson unproven claimant to the Lordship of Everingham of Laxton, Notts.             January 2004
14. Dennys, Rodney. Heraldic Imagination. Barry & Jenkins, 1975. 
15. Foster, Joseph. Pedigrees of the County Families of Yorkshire Vol I : West Riding, London. 1874
16. Weir, Alison. The Wars of the Roses. Jonathan Cape. London. 1995.
17.  Whitaker, T. D. An History of the Original parish of Whalley and Honour of Clitheroe. George
        Routledge and Sons. London 1872.  
18. E-mail from Edward Beaumont   Edward has much unpublished work relating to the Bellomontes of West
      Yorkshire.    
19. Watson, M.A. Rev. The History and Antiquities of Halifax [1775] citing Book of Arms of Yorkshire by William Fairfax


Notes:
*  = A sea-mew is a seagull, a mew is a hawk or falcon
#  = bees may be drones or flies, these represent efficient industry.
Or. = gold colour.
Gu.= Gules = red.
Az. = azure/ blue.
Sa. = sable colour i.e. black.
Arg. = argent = silver colour.
Ermine [from the stoat] = A white flecked field with black ermine tails some claim  to royalty, nobility or the judiciary.
Vert = green.

© Copyright Tim Midgley June 2002, internal links revised June 2009.. 
  
Gold Caltrap on an azure background